The SToC framework helps researchers, operators, regulators and students analyse how technological dependency, organisational culture and safety controls interact under pressure.
SToC model
Controls, Defences, Resilience and Operational Risk
Automation, Interfaces, Data, AI/ML, System Dependency and Evolution
Training, Norms, Incentives, Control, Authority Gradients and Reporting Cultures
Includes a framework explanation, searchable analysis hub, draft and published works.
Presenting the Safety, Technology, Culture, +RC and +RRC as a coherent model.
Publish incident analyses, research notes, teaching examples and public commentary.
Periodic publications featuring articles to highlight the model and share new findings.
Use the framework for lectures, case studies, seminar discussion and applied safety analysis.
Pakistan International domestic passenger flight to Karachi, crashed on approach to Jinnah International Airport, killing 97 out of 99 people as well as an additional person on the ground.
ATR 42 on a maritime surveillance mission crashed into Mount Bulusaraung, South Sulawesi. All 11 people on board (7 crew, 3 passengers) were feared dead, with wreckage located in a remote, forested area
Air Canada collision with fire truck on runway, New York at approximately 11:40 pm. Both pilots were killed as the cockpit and front galley sections were destroyed. 76 people on board, 41 taken to hospital, 6 with serious injuries. A flight attendant was ejected during the impact but survived. 2 firefighters were seriously injured.
A research note on how automation can improve normal operations while weakening manual recovery capability during rare abnormal events.
A short example showing how runway-side incidents can be read through procedural safety, technological visibility and operational culture.